WIRED OR WIRELESS FIRE ALARMS: WHAT TO CHOOSE?
Should you get a wired or wireless fire alarm system installed? Both have pros and cons, so choosing the right one might be a bit of a challenge. To help you make an informed decision, our fire alarm experts have put together this comprehensive comparison article featuring all the important advantages and disadvantages of each fire alarm type.
The advantages of a wireless interlinked system over a hard-wired counterpart are evident. Its ease of installation and maintenance, coupled with an expansive range, make it a superior choice. Additionally, these systems remain effective even in the event of a fire originating within the electrical system, thanks to a backup battery—a feature lacking in mains-powered alarms, where such occurrences are less likely. Let’s delve further into this!
WIRED VS WIRELESS FIRE ALARMS: HOW DO THEY WORK?
The main difference between the wired and the wireless fire alarm systems is the way they are set up.
Wired fire alarm systems send signals between the control panel of the system and the individual fire detection devices (manual call points, smoke detectors, heat detectors, CO detectors) via a network of cables and wires. Based on the level of detail sent to the control panel, the wired fire alarm system can be either conventional or addressable.
- Conventional fire alarm systems have information about the zone of the building where the fire alarm was triggered
- Addressable fire alarm systems gather more detailed data, including the device that was used to trigger the alarm and the exact location where it happened
Because of the better accuracy of the information provided, addressable fire alarm systems are now the preferred solution. They make it easier for the responding fire services to address the issue quickly and adequately.
Wired fire alarm systems use special radio frequencies to transmit the same information to the control panel without having to rely on any cables or wires. The units are powered by batteries and need no mains connection. A transmitter or a receiver is installed to send the information long-distance from any connected device to the main panel, so the system can have addressable functionality.
CHOOSING BETWEEN WIRED VS WIRELESS FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
We used six different factors to do the comparison between wired and wireless fire alarms, covering the key decision-making elements including cost, maintenance, installation and more. Find out how it went!
1. COST
Like everything new, wireless fire alarms are more expensive than traditional hardwired fire alarm systems. This is because the technology used in wireless alarm systems is more complex, making the price go up when it comes to buying the units, to start with. However, installation is more expensive for hardwired systems because it requires more labour time.
A comparison to do with the maintenance costs really depends on the type of issue you are faced with. Spare parts for hardwired alarms are less expensive and easier to find. Plus, you don’t have to worry about buying replacement batteries. However, if your wired fire alarm goes out of order and needs to be replaced or repaired, this may require breaking walls to get to the cables and that is an expensive project.
2. EASE OF INSTALLATION
When it comes to ease of installation, wireless fire alarms are the unequivocal winner. The wireless detection devices need no cables, so only the control panel will have to be connected to the mains system. This means that wireless fire alarms can be installed pretty much anywhere with minimal labour required. As we said above, this makes installation cheaper and it’s faster too.
The problem with hardwired alarm systems is that if you want to install them in an already completed building that’s in use, you might need to have some of the walls broken down (partially at least) to get the cables in the right places. This will take time and cost money. If you are planning to install a fire alarm system in a new build, however, hardwired alarms can be implemented in the original design, eliminating this problem.
3. RELIABILITY
Hardwired alarms are mains-powered, so the only time you would have to worry about them not working is if there is a power outage. Even then, most weird fire alarms have backup generators, so they will reboot even when the main electricity source is out.
Probably the biggest concern most users have when considering using wireless fire alarms is reliability. Wireless alarm systems depend on wireless coverage to communicate with the control panel and if that’s not available, the system would be ineffective. If the signal is weak, the units could drain their battery faster as they would be constantly searching for the signal (much like your mobile phone when you can’t connect to the network). This causes concerns when it comes to battery life and replacements.
That being said, in terms of fire detection, wireless fire alarms are just as reliable as hardwired alarms, so if you arrange for regular maintenance, the battery shouldn’t be a problem. To avoid coverage issues, it’s best to have an assessment done by a fire safety specialist to see whether wireless is a viable option for you at all.
4. MAINTENANCE
According to the BS 5839 fire safety standard, all fire alarms, whether they are wired or wireless, should be inspected by a trained professional every six months. Also, fire alarm tests must be done every week by the fire marshal and a fire evacuation drill, annually. In that aspect, the demand for regular maintenance is the same for both types.
However, wireless fire alarms have one disadvantage – in addition to the above, their batteries must be replaced regularly. Usually, you can expect a fire alarm system’s battery to last between 3 – 5 years. Whether this maintenance cost is something you need to think about or not is dependent on what you need the alarm for. If you need only a temporary fire alarm for a construction site, for example, this should not be a problem for you.
5. AESTHETICS
If you are interested in interior design, you’ll have another reason to love wireless fire alarms. Without unsightly cables hanging about, they simply look better, neater and fit more easily in any space you have to work with, whether it’s an office, school or a residential building.
Inadvertently, the installation requirements of a hardwired fire alarm system can also affect the appearance of the building as well. Drilling holes into walls will require some additional work to improve the finish of the wall, such as plastering or dry lining, as well as repainting. Those are all procedures that come with their own stylistic challenges, so going wireless saves you a lot of hassle in this aspect.
6. FLEXIBILITY
One of the best things about a wireless fire alarm system is that it can be moved, extended or amended as needed. Yes, that’s right – you can just add new units or move the existing units around as your building plan evolves. This makes wireless alarms a sensible choice for construction sites and other temporary projects.
Hardwired alarms are a nightmare to move or replace, as they require completely rewiring the system. It’s a complicated and time-consuming process. If you have to go through with it, it will likely cause disruptions to your business, as well, as you may need to pause your day-to-day activities to allow for the work to be completed.
What About Interconnected Smoke Alarms?
In addition to fire alarms, smoke alarms are also crucial in protecting properties from the disaster of a fire. While fire alarms are often more advanced than smoke alarms, providing a detection device that goes beyond identifying smoke, having smoke alarms is still advisable. And, when it comes to installing interconnected smoke alarms, the choice of hard-wired or wireless still stands.
Interconnected smoke alarms will detect the presence of smoke in each device’s vicinity, but if triggered, will alert all the individual smoke alarms within the property. This interconnected setup ensures that, regardless of how close you are to the smoke, you will receive instant warning allowing you as much time as possible to evacuate.
Interlinking Smoke Alarms: Wired or Wireless Smoke Alarms
Interlinked smoke alarms whether hard-wired or wireless will provide a higher level of safety than individual alarm devices; but, which one should you choose? Discover the advantages and disadvantages of each before you commit.
Interlinked Hard-Wired Smoke Alarms
Interlinked hard-wired smoke alarms serve as a robust safety measure within homes. These alarms are directly connected to the electrical system, offering a reliable means of fire detection. This section delves into the benefits, risks, and expected lifespan of such systems.
Benefits
Interlinked hard-wired smoke alarms boast several advantages. Their reliability is noteworthy, with direct electrical connections reducing the risk of signal disruptions. Simultaneous activation ensures a swift response from occupants throughout the entire house. Integration with other systems, such as home security or automation platforms, enhances safety features, contributing to a comprehensive fire detection network. Additionally, a permanent power source minimises dependency on batteries.
Risks
Despite their benefits, hard-wired smoke alarms come with certain risks. The installation process often demands professional expertise due to electrical work, potentially increasing complexity and costs. Dependency on power poses a challenge during outages, requiring a reliable backup source. Moreover, the limited placement options dictated by electrical wiring may compromise optimal alarm positioning in certain areas of the house.
Lifespan
Interlinked hard-wired smoke alarms typically maintain functionality for approximately 10 years. Regular maintenance practices, including testing and cleaning, are vital to ensure their ongoing reliability.
Wireless Interlinked Smoke Alarms
Wireless smoke alarms present a more flexible and easily installable alternative to their hard-wired counterparts. This section explores the benefits, risks, and expected lifespan associated with interlinked wireless smoke alarm systems.
Benefits
The ease of installation is a primary advantage of wireless smoke alarms, making them a convenient option, especially for retrofitting existing homes. The flexibility in placement allows for optimal positioning, maximising coverage throughout the house. Scalability is another key benefit, as wireless systems can be expanded effortlessly by adding more units. Battery backup features ensure functionality during power outages, enhancing their reliability.
Risks
While wireless smoke alarms offer convenience, certain risks should be considered. Potential interference from electronic devices or obstacles within the house may affect wireless signal communication. Additionally, the reliance on batteries for power necessitates regular maintenance, including battery replacement, to prevent any compromise in the effectiveness of the alarm system.
Lifespan
Similar to hard-wired systems, interlinked wireless smoke alarms typically have a lifespan of around 10 years. Regular testing, maintenance, and the timely replacement of batteries are crucial to sustaining their reliability over time.
Why Wireless Interlinked Smoke Alarms Are Better?
While wired or wireless smoke alarms interlinked systems play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of occupants in a building, there are certain advantages wireless interlinked smoke alarms provide that make them preferable in certain situations.
Wireless systems offer distinct advantages in terms of flexibility, adaptability, and reliability. The ease of installation, continuous monitoring capabilities, and robust communication networks make wireless interlinked smoke alarms a compelling choice for various applications, contributing to an overall safer environment for building occupants.
1. Cost-Effective Installation
Wireless interlinked smoke alarms generally require less labour and materials for installation compared to hard-wired systems. This can result in cost savings, especially in retrofitting or in buildings where wiring is challenging.
2. Quick and Non-Disruptive Installation
Installing wireless smoke alarms is typically quicker and causes less disruption as it doesn’t involve extensive wiring work. This is advantageous in existing structures or buildings where drilling and wiring might be difficult.
3. Redundancy and Reliability
Wireless interlinked systems often offer built-in redundancy, meaning if one unit fails, the others can still communicate. This enhances reliability compared to hard-wired systems where a single point of failure could disrupt the entire network.
4. Continuous Monitoring
Some wireless systems provide continuous monitoring and real-time communication between devices. This ensures that any issues or malfunctions are quickly identified, contributing to a more dependable safety system.
5. Easy Expansion
Wireless interlinked smoke alarms are generally more adaptable to changes in building layouts. Adding or relocating units is easier and more cost-effective, making it a scalable solution for buildings that undergo modifications.
6. Ideal for Temporary Installations
In temporary or portable structures, wireless systems are ideal because they can be easily installed and removed without the need for complex rewiring.
7. Robust Communication
Wireless interlinked systems often use advanced communication protocols, providing robust and reliable connections between devices. This ensures that in case of an emergency, all interconnected units respond swiftly and effectively.
8. Signal Range and Coverage
Wireless systems can offer excellent signal range and coverage, allowing for reliable communication even in larger or more complex building structures.
Installing Wireless Interconnected Alarms in Your Home
Installing wireless interconnected alarms in your home is a smart way to enhance safety and provide early detection of potential hazards. Here’s a general guide:
Materials Needed
- Wireless interconnected smoke alarms
- Wireless interconnected carbon monoxide alarms (if applicable)
- Screwdriver
- Drill (if necessary)
- Batteries (check the alarm specifications for the required type)
- Ladder (if needed)
Steps-By-Step Method
- Choose the Right Alarms: Purchase wireless interconnected smoke alarms and carbon monoxide alarms from a reputable brand. Ensure they are compatible with each other and follow the local building codes and regulations.
- Plan the Placement: Install smoke alarms in every bedroom, outside each sleeping area, and on every level of your home, including the basement. Place carbon monoxide alarms in areas where you have fuel-burning appliances (furnace, water heater, stove) and near bedrooms.
- Check Local Regulations: Verify any local regulations or building codes regarding the placement and type of alarms required in your area.
- Install Batteries: Insert the recommended batteries into each alarm. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for battery type and installation.
- Mounting: For smoke alarms, install them on the ceiling or high on the wall, as smoke rises. For carbon monoxide alarms, they can be placed at eye level or higher. Use screws to mount the alarms. Some alarms come with mounting brackets that make installation easier.
- Interconnect the Alarms: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to wirelessly interconnect the alarms. Typically, this involves pressing a sync or connect button on each alarm within a specified timeframe.
- Test the Alarms: Test each alarm to ensure they are interconnected and functioning correctly. Most alarms have a test button that you can press to simulate an alarm.
- Regular Maintenance: Periodically test your alarms, replace batteries, and vacuum or dust them to ensure optimal performance.
Always follow the specific instructions provided by the manufacturer of your alarms. If you are unsure about any step, consult a professional or contact the manufacturer for guidance.
Testing Smoke Alarms
It is recommended that you regularly test your smoke alarms each week by pressing the test button and ensuring audibility throughout your home, particularly in sleeping areas. If equipped with replaceable batteries, change them annually or upon low-battery warnings. You should clean alarms routinely to remove dust, and for interconnected alarms, confirm that when testing one, all other alarms are triggered. Coordinate smoke alarm testing with emergency evacuation drills to familiarise household members with alarm sounds and response procedures.
Replace ageing alarms according to the manufacturer’s recommended timeframe, usually every 10 years. And, always keep a record of tests, battery replacements, and unit changes.
For additional assurance, you can arrange for professional inspections annually, helping to remain compliant with safety standards. Always follow manufacturer instructions for specific testing and maintenance procedures.
Other Alarms for Increased Fire and Smoke Safety
Different areas of your home require specific alarms to ensure safety. Smoke alarms are crucial, but not sufficient alone. For example,
Hallways and Landings
- Install smoke alarms for quick escape during a fire
Kitchen
- Use heat alarms to avoid false alarms from cooking fumes
- Add a carbon monoxide (CO) alarm due to odourless gas risks
Boiler Room
- Equip with a CO alarm for fuel-burning appliances
Living Room, Office, Daily Areas
- Install smoke alarms for early risk detection
- Place a CO alarm if there’s a fireplace
Bedrooms and Children’s Rooms
- Fit smoke alarms for child safety
- Consider an interlinked system for immediate alerts
Loft Space
- Install a smoke alarm to pinpoint fires and protect against electrical issues
Garage
- Use a radio frequency interlinked heat alarm to detect excessive heat without triggering car fumes
Follow these guidelines to ensure comprehensive safety throughout your home.
The Legal Duty to Instal Adequate Fire Alarms
The responsibility for installing adequate fire alarms typically falls on the property owner or landlord. The specific regulations may vary depending on the type of property, but generally, landlords and property owners are legally obligated to ensure that appropriate fire safety measures, including the installation of fire alarms, are in place.
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 is a key piece of legislation that outlines the responsibilities of individuals in non-domestic properties, including landlords. It requires a responsible person (often the property owner or landlord) to carry out a fire risk assessment, implement necessary fire safety measures, and ensure the maintenance of fire protection systems, including fire alarms.
In residential rental properties, landlords are typically responsible for providing and maintaining smoke alarms. As of 1st October 2015, in England, it became a legal requirement for landlords to install smoke alarms on each floor of a rented property where there is a room used as living accommodation. Similar regulations exist in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Property owners and landlords need to stay informed about local regulations and requirements, as failure to comply with fire safety laws can result in penalties and legal consequences.
CONCLUSION
So, a wired or wireless fire alarm – which one is better? As much as we’d like to give you a simple, straightforward answer, that’s not possible. Both types have their pros and cons and these have to be weighed depending on the specific requirements of your building. This is why it’s important to always consult with a fire alarm specialist before committing to either option. Need help? Speak to one of our West Midlands-based fire safety experts on 0330 135 5337 – we’ll advise you on the best solutions and get the entire installation process sorted out for you.
FAQ
What drawbacks do wireless smoke detectors have?
Wireless smoke detectors may face potential signal interference, limited battery life, and a higher upfront cost compared to wired alternatives.
Which type of smoke alarm offers the most advantages?
Photoelectric smoke alarms are often considered superior as they respond faster to smouldering fires, have fewer false alarms, and are generally more effective in detecting smoke particles.
Do interconnected smoke alarms prove to be a worthwhile investment?
Yes, interconnected smoke alarms are a worthwhile investment. They provide enhanced safety by triggering all connected alarms when one detects smoke, ensuring occupants are alerted throughout the entire living space.
Is it advisable to upgrade wired smoke alarms?
It depends on your specific needs and the age of your current system. Upgrading to interconnected wireless smoke alarms offers improved flexibility and ease of installation, enhancing overall safety and coverage.
